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（新春见闻）原汁原味“最东北”百年大集历久弥新******

　　中新社沈阳1月18日电题：原汁原味“最东北”百年大集历久弥新

　　作者李晛

　　在东北大集里转一圈，身上一定沾满了年味儿。

　　春节前夕，在中国许多地方都有赶大集、备年货的传统。东北大集作为中国古老的集市之一，因其独特的地域文化魅力历久弥新。

　　辽宁省沈阳市的蒲河大集有近三百年的历史，18日是蒲河大集春节前的最后一天开集，不少人抓紧前来置办年货，也显得大集格外热闹。东北冻梨、万物皆可冻的“糖葫芦”、会“爆炸”的爆米花、血肠、金丝蛹等年货应有尽有，吆喝声络绎不绝。

　　当天，在上海工作的“85后”沈阳人吴洋也回到家乡携家人赶蒲河大集。吴洋感慨道：“无论城市发展多么迅速，变化多么大，属于童年的原汁原味的记忆都可以在这里找到。”

　　有民俗专家指出，东北大集自古集发展而来历史悠久，之所以能延续至今，是因为它既具有经济职能，又有民俗文化意涵，且能随着社会发展不断变迁，以求更好地发展。

　　有近百年历史的沈阳市浑南区祝家大集正是如此。祝家大集因地制宜，将当地粮仓遗址改造成为文化创意区和粮仓文化打卡区。在这里，人们可以饱览80米巨幅乡村生活图，感受展现风土人情的“祝家长卷”，打卡簸箕画作、农作物雕塑置景等乡村特色。据祝家大集相关负责人介绍，祝家大集实现了从“有历史”的乡村大集向“有文化、有体验、有特色、有颜值”的乡村新大集的蝶变，进而转变为网红打卡地和旅游目的地。

　　其实在东北地区，不管是城市还是乡村，许多地方都有百年大集，它们各具特色，竞相发展。

　　同样具有百年历史的锦州凌海(翠岩)大集是辽西地区最大的红色文化大集。辽西五市的民众近日纷纷前来赶大集、品年味儿。锣鼓声、吆喝声此起彼伏，“满堂彩”大地灶炖起“六六八八席”，“中国红”小围炉煮沸“非遗全羊汤”......据锦州凌海(翠岩)大集工作人员介绍，此次大集共分年货集中销售、非遗项目展演、围炉美食品尝、网红电商直播等八个区域，精选上百个品牌、近千种商品参展。

　　从巴基斯坦来华学医的留学生大伟在大集上被浓浓的年味儿环绕。大伟表示，这是他第一次在中国过春节，他非常喜欢大集上春联、灯笼、福字等这些中国传统文化元素。

　　连日来，辽宁省大连市普兰店区安波大集也格外红火。自古以来，安波就是商贾云集之地，集市商贸十分繁荣。随着互联网时代的到来，安波大集已不是原始的民间集市。商户们纷纷举起手机，开启直播，不仅宣传了自己的产品，还把安波的名气传到了海内外。

　　集市，是农耕文化的延续传承。随着城乡一体化的推进，一些古老的事物逐渐消失在人们的视野里，但东北大集最凡俗、最生动的人间烟火气仍将经久不衰。(完)

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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.